| Conjunctivitis
The conjunctiva is the outermost membrane covering the surface of the eye. This membrane is clear and thin and has many small blood vessels. It serves to lubricate and protect the eye while the eye moves in its socket.
When the conjunctiva becomes inflamed, this is called conjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis can have many causes, such as bacteria ("pink eye"), viruses, chemicals, allergies, and more. In many cases it is difficult to determine the primary cause for the inflammation. One of the most common is bacterial conjunctivitis.
Bacterial conjunctivitis is associated with swelling of the lid and a yellowish discharge. Sometimes it causes the eye to itch and a mattering of the eyelids, particularly upon waking. The conjunctiva appears red and sometimes thickened. Often both eyes are involved.
The bacteria most commonly at fault are the Staphylococcus, the Streptococcus, and H. Influenza. Bacterial conjunctivitis can be cured with treatment. Usually antibiotic drops and compresses ease the discomfort and clear up the infection in a few days.
Viral conjunctivitis is also associated with redness and swelling. The discharge from the eye is usually watery. Viral conjunctivitis may not be cured with antibiotics and has to run its course. Eye drops may be prescribed to prevent a secondary infection or to help with the associated discomfort. Both viral and bacterial conjunctivitis are very contagious, and can be easily transmitted by rubbing the eye and then infecting household items, such as towels or handkerchiefs. It is common for entire families to become infected.
Precautions can be taken to avoid the disease and stop its spread. Careful hand washing, the use of clean handkerchiefs, and avoiding contagious individuals are all helpful. Little children frequently get conjunctivitis because of poor hygiene.
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